Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common clinicopathological subtype of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
The term “mycosis fungoides” was first used in 1806 by Jean-Louis Marc Alibert, a French dermatologist, when he described a severe disorder in which large necrotic tumours resembling mushrooms presented on a patient’s skin. However, the designation is a misnomer since no association with a fungus exists.
Capillaritis is a misnomer as there is no vasculitis involved.
Capillaritis is a pigmented purpuric dermatosis which is a group of chronic, purpuric, pruritic eruptions that usually occur on the lower extremities. Capillaritis is usually associated with chronic venous hypertension. This group of dermatoses shares characteristics, histologically demonstrating extravasation of red cells, variable hemosiderin deposition, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates without leucocytoclastic vasculitis.
The term is misnomer because this condition is termed as malignant otitis externa because of itspropensity to cause complications and death.
This is an inflammatory disorder involving the external auditory canal,hence the term malignant otitis external is a misnomer. It is caused by Pseudomonas group oforganisms.
Commonly this condition affects elderly diabetics. It is very rare in children.
The term lupus pernio is a misnomer because the condition is not associated with lupus and has no association with pernio.
Lupus pernio is a rare but characteristic skin manifestation of sarcoidosis. The lesions are often deforming and appear as chronic, hyperpigmented or violaceous nodules or plaques of the nose, cheeks, ears, and central face. Histology shows sarcoidal granulomas .
Pernio, or chilblains, is a localized inflammatory lesion of the skin resulting from an abnormal response to cold. Pernio most commonly occurs in young women but may occur in older individuals or in children. Single or multiple erythematous-to-purplish, edematous plaques appear secondary to cold exposure and are accompanied by intense pain, itching, or burning .
Nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors are more common, often larger, and more frequently malignant at the time of diagnosis. The term nonfunctioning is a misnomer, because these tumors may produce peptide hormones whose biologic actions are less clinically apparent.
In some instances, tumor-associated defects in post-translational processing may preclude the efficient synthesis and secretion of peptide hormones. Factors affecting prognosis include the presence of liver metastases, incomplete resection of the primary tumor, and poorly differentiated tumor cells.
While emergency nonanesthetized intubations outside the operating room may be performed with minimal topical anesthesia and no sedation, the term "awake" intubation applied to nonanesthetized intubations in the operating room is usually something of a misnomer. After appropriate sedation, topical anesthesia, and nerve blocks, such intubations can be performed with minimal discomfort in the conscious patient.
Conscious intubation is performed when the clinician believes that it is the safest way to insert an endotracheal tube.
Indications include a history of difficult intubation, findings on history or physical examination that can make intubation difficult, and severe risk for aspiration or hemodynamic instability. The reasons for conscious intubation should be explained to the patient as time allows and documented in the chart. The primary consideration of safety should be emphasized. At times, surgeons (and other physicians) may be unhappy about their patients being subjected to such procedures because of unwarranted fear of patient discomfort and the time required. If the anesthesiologist has concluded that such intubation is indicated, the demands of such individuals must not take precedence over patient safety. The reasons for conscious intubation should be emphasized to the surgeon as well as to the patient because airway disaster, poor outcome, and litigation may follow airway mismanagement.
In the American Society of Anesthesiologists' closed claims study, adverse respiratory events including inadequate ventilation, esophageal intubation, and difficult tracheal intubation form the largest single class of injury
Carbicarb is referred to as a "CO2 -consuming" buffer, which is a misnomer because it still generates CO2 , but less than NaHCO3 of equal effectiveness. Carbicarb increases P CO2 less and decreases intracellular pH less than an equimolar treatment with NaHCO3 alone.
This could be valuable in a clinical setting of compromised CO2 elimination. Despite the theoretic advantage, Carbicarb has not been shown to be superior to NaHCO3 in treatment of lactic acidosis.
The mechanism of apparent placental movement is not completely understood. The term migration is clearly a misnomer, however, because invasion of chorionic villi into the decidua on either side of the cervical os persists.
The apparent movement of the low-lying placenta relative to the internal os probably results from inability to precisely define this relationship in a three-dimensional manner using two-dimensional sonography in early pregnancy. This difficulty is coupled with differential growth of lower and upper myometrial segments as pregnancy progresses. Thus, those placentas that “migrate” most likely never had actual circumferential villus invasion that reached the internal cervical os in the first place.
The term achondrogenesis is actually a misnomer, as it implies that cartilage is not made. In this condition, cartilage is made but it is profoundly abnormal. A more correct term would be chondrogenesis imperfecta.
The term achondrogenesis refers to a diverse group of generally lethal chondrodysplasias characterized by a short trunk, severe micromelia, and a disproportionately large cranium. Achondrogenesis is the second most common lethal short-limb dysplasia.
Thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis is better known as the pentalogy of Cantrell and is in part a misnomer, given that the heart is not truly ectopic.
In pentalogy of Cantrell the heart is abnormally sited with the apex oriented down, but is positioned within the chest and therefore not ectopia cordis. Both cervical and abdominal ectopia cordis may occur without a sternal cleft. Abdominal ectopia cordis does not belong in this group of anomalies because the defect is diaphragmatic and does not involve the thorax or the anterior abdominal wall.
