Aseptic meningitis

Aseptic meningitis is a misnomer, but it is a term used clinically to designate an illness comprising meningeal irritation, fever, and alterations of consciousness of relatively acute onset, generally of viral but rarely of bacterial or other etiology. It is called ASEPTIC because no bacteria are found on Staining but it is infective condition in hte real sence.


The clinical course is less fulminant than that observed in pyogenic meningitis, and the CSF findings also differ between the two conditions. There is a lymphocytic pleocytosis, the protein elevation is only moderate, and the sugar content is nearly always normal. The viral aseptic meningitides are usually self-limiting and are treated symptomatically. In approximately 70% of cases, a pathogen can be identified, most commonly an enterovirus. Echovirus, coxsackievirus, and nonparalytic poliomyelitis are responsible for up to 80% of these cases.

Malaria

Malaria is a misnomer. Drawn from the Italian mala aria, or "bad air," the name reflects the historical belief that the disease is caused by miasmas, or noxious exhalations from rotting matter or stagnant water.

In 1889, a tiny parasite was revealed as the disease-causing agent, and eight years later, the mosquito was identified as the parasite-carrying agent.

Liver Flukes

The conventional term “liver flukes” is a misnomer, because Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini,and Opisthorchis felineus actually reside in the biliary tract.

 Humans become infected by eating raw, pickled, or uncooked fish. Sporadic biliary disease is seen with Dicrocoelium and Eurytrema pancreaticum.